Disregarding the excessive consumption of energy to provide comfort in the residential units, especially in cold and mountainous regions, is one of the problems of residential complexes in Iran. Although a lot of researches have been done in this field, the inattention to this matter not only causes energy crisis in the future but makes the residential complexes as the biggest environment polluter sources. On the other hand, the traditional architects of Iran have provided the residential areas, especially by considering the hard conditions of cold regions, with comfort by applying simple and available techniques and by the minimum use of fossil fuels. Therefore at the first of this research there’s a review on the regional specifics and climatic properties of cold and mountainous regions and then through the observation and former researches the specifics and strategies of residential areas architecture are discussed